30 December 2022

New (and New to Us) Materials in the BDC, September - December 2022

New and not-so-new arrivals in the Research Room are relatively few in number over the past several months.  

The First Reconstruction: Black Politics in America from the Revolution to the Civil War by Van Gosse may seem somewhat out of the BDC's usual scope - and I admit that it is slightly. I purchased a copy to provide historical context and on account of the New York Review of Books assessment: "Gosse's immensely detailed The First Reconstruction offers a revealing, at times startling reconsideration of early national and antebellum political history. ... A valuable work of history that speak[s] powerfully to our own historical moment." It chronicles "the rise of an organized, visible black politics focused on the quest for citizenship, the vote, and power within the free states" of New England, New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio.  Later on these same critical political skills that would  be exercised by Freedmen in Union occupied areas after the Civil War. Please note: The paperback book is big: 745 pages and so far the BDC is the only part of the SCLENDS consortium to have a copy. (I'm writing this just before Thanksgiving.)  

The Green Book South Carolina : A Guide to African American Cultural Sites with evocative photographs by Joshua Parks is modelled on the Negro Motorist Green Book. According to the "Searching for Safe Havens" blog post by Ramon Jackson, the Negro Motorist Green Book was "a travel guide that provided African American travelers with information about businesses that accommodated Black customers to help them avoid the embarrassments, difficulties, and dangers caused by southern Jim Crow laws and de facto segregation in other sections of the country.... Roughly 200 Black owned businesses and other institutions in South Carolina were listed in the guide between 1939 and its final edition published in 1967" but few remain standing. 

This new Green Book recommends African-American historic and cultural sites to visit in 2022. The Lowcountry section includes 9 sites located throughout Beaufort County. I think that his travel timeframe is off. Given the increase in the amount of traffic clogging the few roads now, I think that it'd be nearly impossible to catch a boat to see the Daufuskie Island Historic District, visit the Gullah Museum and Historic Mitchelville on Hilton Head Island, and make it to the Gullah Grub restaurant on St. Helena Island in time for lunch as he suggests. I'd recommend that visitors spend at least one night in a motel, Bed and Breakfast, or Air B&B on Hilton Head Island or in Beaufort to adequately cover all 9 of the sites in 2 days.

The Civil War in My South Carolina Lowcountry by James L. Harvey, Jr. is a combination genealogical and historical work that features what he learned about his ancestors who served in the Confederate forces, some of whom were stationed in Beaufort District for much of the Civil War with the Third Cavalry, 11th and 17th Infantry Regiments and Hampton's Legion. He includes local battles of Tullifinny and Honey Hill. He could find no evidence that any of his relatives owned slaves. 

One of the BDC's collection development goals is gather titles produced from local publishing houses of nonfictional materials as foundations for the 21st century literary history of Beaufort County. I purchased five more anthology volumes published by the Island Writers' Network: Reflections; Living the Dream; Ebb's Flow; Time and Tide; and Ripples. Each book of poems, essays, photographs and short stories will ultimately reside by Hilton Head Island: Unpacked & Staying and Hilton Headings in the BDC. The Island Writers' Network was the brainchild of writer Jo Williams who placed an ad in the Island Packet newspaper in 1999 calling on those writers interested in meeting to gather together to support and encourage each other. From a initial response of a dozen writers, more than 70 members participate in monthly meetings, writing workshops and open mic readings today. 

I added two children's books: Crabs on Calhoun by Katherine Robinson; illustrated by Jacob Eaton and My Trip to St. Helena Island : Discovering Gullah Geechee Culture by C. M. White. The books are similar in that each offers an introductory tour of local places and culture: Crabs on Calhoun features nine fiddler crabs and a tour of Old Bluffton's Historic District. My Trip to St. Helena Island explores Gullah culture and important historic sites. 

2022 South Carolina Legislative Manual is the latest issue to join all the other state legislative manuals we share in the Research Room. Beaufort Branch was kind to give us their copy once the Legislative session ended in June. 

Osha! by Osalami Lamoke was a transfer from a branch library to ensure that this recording would be available forever.  The native daughter's local musician's birth name was Barbara Daise. A self-taught guitarist, she began writing and performing Gullah songs in 2004. This music CD includes selections in the Gullah folk, Afro-Caribbean, praise house stomp and blues styles. 

National Bank Notes: A Complete History of National Currency Issued within South Carolina by Tony Chibbaro (Numismatics of South Carolina, volume 2) Though there weren't any Beaufort County based national banks between 1866 and 1935 that "enjoyed the privilege of issuing their own pieces of currency," this is an important niche limited print reference book - and as a second volume it supplements Chibbaro's earlier volume 1: Merchants Trade Tokens that does have information about and images of some Beaufort County merchant trade tokens. I bought this also because he includes lots of illustrations of bank notes and bankers which could help collectors of bank notes and genealogists well into the future.  (Note: I had to look up the definition of "numismatics." It's a bit broader than I had anticipated. According to online Oxford Languages dictionary, the term includes the study of coins, paper currency and medals. I didn't know about the "medals" part but perhaps you did.)  

Olivia and I picked up the rest of the Beaufort Three-Century Project Archive from Deborah Johnson who ran that commemoration from 2009 - 2011. A significant part of the archive has been in the Research Room for some time but it's great to have the remaining dozen boxes all in one place and under the public library's care. And it's great that as a certified archivist, she has done a lot of work arranging and describing what she turned over to us. As I told Ms. Johnson when we made the pick-up, I will do my best to get the collection created in honor of the City's 300th birthday arranged and described for the public to use before I leave employment. Realistically speaking, this is likely the last large archive that will enter the Research Room under my watch. 

Reminder: The Library system will operate per usual on Saturday, December 31, 2022. Those units normally open will be open for business their customary hours on New Year's Eve. Because of how we ring in New Year's Day on a Sunday, all units of the Library system be closed on Monday, January 2, 2023 for New Year's Day per Beaufort County policy. 

May you and yours have a safe and joyous New Year! 

21 December 2022

Holiday Season Schedule 2022

This year, Christmas Eve falls on a Saturday and Christmas Day lands on a Sunday. Beaufort County observes Saturday holidays on the preceding Friday, and Sunday holidays on the following Monday. Thus Beaufort County employees get a longer than usual Christmas break. The BDC will of course observe the same schedule.                                                                                                                                                                                   We have a similar challenge on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day. Beaufort County employees only get New Year's Day off - though like the Wednesday before Thanksgiving - we close at 5 pm on New Year's Eve. The BDC isn't normally open on Saturdays - and we won't be open on Saturday, December 31st either - but the regular branch libraries will be open until 5 pm that date.                                                                                                                                                                                             Because New Year's Day falls on a Sunday in 2023, Beaufort County government will observe New Year's Day on Monday, January 2nd. All units of the Library system, including the BDC, will re-open on Tuesday, January 3rd. Please keep these schedule adjustments in mind as we near the holidays.

16 December 2022

Diversify Your Reading Challenge 2022: Historical Fiction

Now I know that some people will naturally assume that I would pick Sea Island Lady by Francis Griswold for this month's Diversify Your Reading Challenge 2022. Some say that A Sea Island Lady is the best book ever written about Beaufort's past. I do not happen to agree. I like Someone Knows My Name by Lawrence Hill much better, probably because it was inspired by an historical document. 

Hill's multiple award winning book is rooted on a 1783 naval ledger kept by the British to account for the 3000 enslaved and free Black Loyalists who were transported into Canada at the end of the American Revolution. The original Book of Negroes ledger is 150 pages long and full of data and genealogical information about who the Black Loyalists transported to Canada were. "As a research tool it offers historians and genealogists the opportunity to trace and correlate people backward and forward in time with other documents, such as ship manifests, slave ledgers, and census and tax records." (1)

Hill's novel was published under two titles: In Canada as The Book of Negroes after the ledger and in the United States as Someone Knows My Name. It has become one of the all-time best-selling books in Canada.  (2) In it, Hill tells the life narrative story from the perspective and memories of an African child, Aminata, who was stolen at age 11 from her village. She is first enslaved on St. Helena Island indigo plantation. But her yearning to be free places her in conflict with her owners. She learns to read and write in secret in expectation that doing so will help her to get back to Africa. She becomes skilled as a midwife. Her literacy and personal knowledge of the transported Black Loyalists allows her to work on compiling the Book of Negroes in the novel.  Her tale covers six decades, 1745 to 1805, three continents, Africa, North American and Europe, and topics related to enslavement, abolitionism, and what it means to be a human being. I agree with Publishers Weekly that "Hill's book is a harrowing, breathtaking tour de force." (3)   

As the book cover indicates, it was adapted into a 6 part television miniseries entitled The Book of Negroes by Canadian Broadcasting Company and Black Entertainment Television in 2015.  

A few words to protect myself from being pilloried by others for not choosing the Griswold novel: 

A Sea Island Lady is one of those books one either loves or hates. Many local residents and visitors fall into the "Love" category. Personally, I have never liked it. The protagonist's mealy-mouthed support of her deadbeat alcoholic husband annoyed me so much that I quit reading the book about page 500. I also think - as did many of its contemporary reviewers in 1939 when the book was first published - that it was way too long for its own good. I lost interest and patience about half-way through the almost 1000 pages of text. This is not to say that I don't recommend that others read it. You may well enjoy the book and find it more to your reading taste. At the very least, the parts about the effect of the Great Sea Island Hurricane and phosphate mining bear obvious signs of Griswold's diligent historical research. However, I do recommend that one reads it in conjunction with Dr. Rowland and Dr. Wise's volumes 2 and 3 of the History of Beaufort County South Carolina to help separate the fiction from the facts.

Notes: 

(1) Hill, Lawrence. 2007. "Freedom Bound." Beaver 87 (1): 16-23.  https://search-ebscohost-com.scsl.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24097871&site=ehost-live.

(2) MacKay, Marlo, and Laurel Tarulli. 2015. "Dal Reads." Reference & User Services Quarterly 54(3): 16-18. doi:10.5860/rusq.54n3.16.

(3) "Someone Knows My Name." 2007. Publishers Weekly 254 (35): 39. https://search-ebscohost-com.scsl.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110965591&site=ehost-live.  

14 December 2022

“These Are A Few Of My Favorite Things” by Olivia Santos

I make recent BDC employees responsible for doing at least some of the display case work a part of their training. It's a way for them to learn a specific part of the collection more thoroughly. I started the December "My Favorite Things" theme last year with Cassie Knoppel last year. Because I was impressed by Cassie's what and why choices, I decided that I'd continue the practice with my current BDC assistant to see what BDC materials she likes best so far. Thus this post is by Olivia Santos. My additional comments are a seasonal red below. -- Grace Cordial, 2 December 2022

As surprised as Grace seems to be that I haven’t run off yet, I have just passed my two-month mark of working here at the BDC (Yay!). December is one of those weird months where time starts to feel less real as our schedules change during the holidays, and I usually feel like I’m simultaneously crawling and running into the new year. As we pass Thanksgiving and transition into Christmas, Hanukkah, Kwanzaa, and all the other celebrations going on this month, a lot of people (myself included) start to think more about what we’re grateful for, as well as what we’re looking forward to in 2023. In line with this theme, the display case this month is dedicated to my favorite titles I have read from our collection in the past two months, hence The Sound of Music reference (and a personal shoutout to my old roommate who’s currently teaching in Austria, where most of the movie was filmed).

This month I tried by be a bit more methodical about how I organized the display case, considering the topic is so open-ended and the types of books I picked varied. Shelf 1 focused on my introduction to Beaufort’s history and the books I was reading to become more familiar with the origins of the town and surrounding areas so that I can better help researchers. With this in mind, I chose two books for Shelf 1: Historic Beaufort County: An Illustrated History by Michael C. Taylor (2005), and Rediscovering Dr. Henry Woodward’s Carolina Frontier 1665-1686 by Jeff Fulgham (2018).

Historic Beaufort County was the very first book I ever read from our collection, and was probably the most helpful to me in my education about Beaufort County. The photographs, pictures, and maps really help readers get a sense of what life was like for early Beaufort residents, with history spanning from the first people inhabiting this land 12,000 years ago to the modern age. Not only did this book give me better bearings in terms of where we are currently and where certain historical events were happening in and around us, but it also did so in a way that wasn’t hard to decipher or full of jargon. It jumpstarted my interest in reading about the history of early Beaufort, which followed in my reading of Rediscovering Dr. Henry Woodward’s Carolina Frontier. Historic Beaufort County is offered for checkout at a number of branches within our local library system, or for reading here at the BDC.

Since reading Historic Beaufort County, I have had the opportunity to learn a lot about Beaufort’s history, whether that be through the programs we offer to the public or from materials in our stacks. And while I am starting to get a better grasp of the area and its history, further education is always helpful. I came across Rediscovering Dr. Henry Woodward’s Carolina Frontier via Grace while writing last month’s display post about Native American Heritage Month and the materials we offer about Native history. The book did not end up being included in the display case, but I finally got around to reading it recently and ended up enjoying it (more than I expected to, if I’m being honest).

In his book, Fulgham discusses young surgeon Dr. Henry Woodward’s role in the relations colonizers had with the Native population, as he was assigned by the Lords Proprietors in England to learn from and live with the Cusabo. A Native group living near Beaufort and along the coast of South Carolina during the height of European invasion, many who trace their roots to the Cusabo have since merged with the Creek or Catawba tribes of Georgia. Woodward’s role as an interpreter and ambassador for the Native people is highlighted in the book, discussing the importance of discourse and trade relations between the two groups, particularly in the face of other encroaching Native groups and the Spanish forces further south.

I ended up choosing this book for the case this month due to its conciseness, readability, and invaluable information. I enjoy history books as much as the next person, but I also don’t necessarily have the time to sit down and read the entirety of Dr. Rowland’s three book series on Beaufort’s history. No disrespect to Dr. Rowland of course, as his writings are probably our most used reference books in the collection, but even Grace says she hasn’t read the entirety of all three books. However, while I don’t always have time to comb through lengthier histories of Beaufort County as thoroughly as I would like to, I found Fulgham’s book a great opportunity to learn a lot about a short period of time at the very beginning of South Carolina’s history. His book is available for reading here at the BDC, or for checkout from a number of libraries within our consortium. Additionally, you can check out any of the three books Dr. Rowland wrote about the History of Beaufort County all over, including our own location downstairs and throughout the consortium. 

Shelf 2 holds what were probably my favorite books that I have read from the BDC’s collection thus far: The Other Mother: A Rememoir by Teresa Bruce (2013) and Jackpot: High Times, High Seas, and the Sting that Launched the War on Drugs by Jason Ryan (2011).

I first stumbled upon The Other Mother as a result of an assignment from Grace to go through one of our archival collections to review a BDC finding aid. For those of you that don’t know (and because I didn’t know before I started working here), a finding aid is basically a list of everything we have within a specific collection, where it is, and what’s in it. (A more detailed explanation is included in a Connections post about the Reeves-Stuart Papers.)  Grace wanted me to go through the Byrne Miller Papers, a collection of ten boxes from renowned dancer and studio owner of the same name to make sure that the Finding Aid matched the arrangement of the contents in anticipation of posting it to the BDC's Links, Lists, and Finding Aids WordPress blog.  A New York native and Beaufort transplant, Miller (1909-2001) got her start in dance on the burlesque stage in the 1930’s, which led to a lifelong passion of dancing and teaching dance in New York, New Mexico, and finally Beaufort, South Carolina, where she remains a local legend to this day.

The boxes of photographs, diaries, auditions tapes, press kits, scrapbooks, and personal papers of Byrne Miller were all donated by the executor of her estate, Lisa Lepionka, one of Miller’s many ‘collected-daughters’ that author Teresa frequently mentions in her book.

After combing through the organized chaos of this collection, I felt somehow closer to this famous figure without still really knowing much about her. Her diaries tell of the struggles she experienced with her husband’s illness, the photographs tell the story of her teaching all across the US, and I even found her younger daughter Jane’s death certificate. Before this I didn’t even know she had children. In the box of photographs, I found a folder of photos that Bruce used for her book, which led me to looking up the book in our online catalog and becoming more curious. I pulled it from our back shelves and read all 400-ish pages in about a week, making me feel not only more interested in the drama-filled life of Byrne Miller, but also Teresa’s life and the struggles she has overcome.

One of the cooler parts of this book for me was the proximity of everything. Bruce mentions areas in and around Beaufort that even I recognized as a non-native. She also talks about our library and her research she did here in the 1990’s, and she still lives fairly close. This book felt truly local to me, despite the fact that much of its content takes place elsewhere. There are a number of copies of Bruce’s book available for checkout throughout the SCLENDS consortium.

Jackpot, on the other hand, sets a very different tone in comparison to The Other Mother. Filled with action, drama, and intrigue, Jason Ryan’s book tells the story of the drug investigation that ended the reign of ‘gentlemen smugglers’ in South Carolina, named for their distaste for weapons and violence. This book discusses the kingpins of the smuggling operations taking place in South Carolina in the 1980’s, a time known as the golden age of marijuana trafficking in the state.

I first came across this book while organizing a vertical file titled ‘Operation Jackpot’ in the back. The articles in the file mentioned drug smuggling and I was surprised to read how close to home and how recently this all occurred. As with The Other Mother, I became curious and went to the catalog to see what other resources we had on the subject. What I came across was Jason Ryan’s book, which is available for checkout all throughout the SCLENDS consortium.

I ended choosing this book to read out of random curiosity, and I afterward found out about the program we are hosting next year with Jason Ryan about Jackpot. On May 2nd of 2023, Mr. Ryan will be at the Beaufort Branch of the Beaufort County Library to give a talk about his book as part of the BDC’s speaker series, which is one event of many that we do in collaboration with the Beaufort History Museum. Registration for his book talk opens April 18, 2023 on the Beaufort History Museum’s website, so keep an eye out!

Shelf 3 became an ode to Black stories and culture throughout South Carolina, albeit unintentionally at first. Shelf 3 hosts three books: A Black Woman’s Civil War Memoirs: Reminiscences of My Life in Camp with the 33rd U.S. Colored Troops, Late 1st South Carolina Volunteers by Susie King Taylor (1902), Before and After Freedom: Lowcountry Folklore and Narratives by Nancy Rhyne (2005), and Hoodoo Medicine: Gullah Herbal Remedies by Faith Mitchell (1999).

A Black Woman’s Civil War Memoirs was a book I came across while preparing for October’s display case on the Civil War. While the book did not end up being used for the display, I decided to go back and read through it more thoroughly last month. Telling the life and times of Susie King Taylor during the Civil War in South Carolina, she recounts the tales of her time as a nurse with the 33rd US Colored Troops, a Union army unit stationed in Port Royal. She speaks fondly of ‘her boys’ and her life before and during the war, as well as her interactions with well known historical figures such as Clara Barton and Colonel Thomas Wentworth Higginson.

This book paints the struggles of the war vividly, not only among the soldiers but among the common people as well, especially Black folks. Susie King Taylor’s memoirs became the first to be published by a Black woman, and she was also the first Black nurse during the American Civil War. She is an inspiration for women everywhere, as well as Black freedom and institutional change within the old system, which is why I chose to feature her book.

I don’t exactly remember how I came across Before and After Freedom, but the book had me hooked from the get-go. The product of a five-year project by the Works Progress Administration, this book began in the 1930’s by documenting the oral history and folklore of formerly enslaved individuals and their descendants in South Carolina. From myths and legends to stories of the struggles for survival during the time of slavery, this book paints the triumphs and tribulations of Black folks, as the book says, before and after their liberation. I found this book particularly intriguing because it doesn’t only talk about the struggle of Black folks during this time, but also celebrates culture and tradition via the retelling of folklore and oral history. (If you want to read the original typed slave narratives collected during the Depression, the Library of Congress has got you covered. Those done in South Carolina are in volume 14.) 

Hoodoo Medicine was an easy choice for me to include this month on the display. Between my public health and anthropology classes in college, I learned a bit about the practice of herbal remedies and ethnomedicine across various cultures. After checking out our Wordpress page on the topic and other forms of medicine in the 1800’s, I came across Faith Mitchell’s book and became fascinated with all the drawings, descriptions, and cultural significance of the various plants and poultices used by the Gullah people. This book is a documentation of an almost lost tradition and tells the story of Black tenacity in the face of adversity, as African people who were forcefully brought to the US were able to adapt and keep their traditions alive despite the different flora and fauna they found here. Overall, all three of these books stood out to me for their celebration of Black voices and stories, as well as highlighting the cultural traditions and storytelling of those formerly enslaved and their descendants. Outside of the BDC, there are circulating copies of all three books on shelf 3 available for checkout within the whole SCLENDS consortium.

As I was coming up with my list of favorite books for this month, I realized I chose two with fairly similar themes, and figured I should display them together. The Official Guide to the Historic Houses, Churches and Other Points of Interest of Beaufort, South Carolina published by the Historic Beaufort Foundation (2014) and The Green Book of South Carolina: A Guide to African American Cultural Sites by Joshua Parks (2022) are both photobooks for the interested traveler that describe some of the sites and history that dot our county’s landscape. Both are displayed on Shelf 4.

The Green Book is one of our new (or new to us) additions at the BDC as of October this year. Divided by the Upstate, the Midlands, and the Lowcountry, this collaborative project by Hub City Press, the WeGOJA Foundation, and the International African American Museum highlights various historical sites throughout South Carolina relating to Black history. Many sites in and around Beaufort are mentioned, including the Penn Center and the Reconstruction Era National Historic Park, the BDC’s next-door neighbor.

I chose The Green Book and The Historic Beaufort Foundation Guide to Historic Homes and Places because of the modern lens they take on history. The Green Book obviously talks about the past in relation to Black history, but it also maps out all these sites throughout the state, showing the reach of Black history and culture locally, which also translates to the rest of the country. I thought both books were helpful in relating past people and places to modern locations, such as with the houses featured in the Guide to Historic Homes and Places. Many of the houses are shown as they look today, with descriptions of when they were built, who originally owned the homes or land, and what the places were used for throughout time. I pass many of these houses either on my way to work or just wandering around town, so I thought it was interesting to read how they all came about. Grace says house museums and tours of occupied homes feel a little too intrusive for her taste, (to which I do say: Each to her own and Live and let live) but I myself am a self-proclaimed nosy person, and genuinely enjoyed learning about the homes and the people who owned them through time. I was also surprised to see that a few are still standing despite being built before the Civil War. Both books are available throughout the consortium for checkout.

If you’re interested in reading any of the books I’ve talked about, feel free to stop by one of our local branches to checkout a copy, or make an appointment to read it here at the BDC. 

Also, please note that with the upcoming holidays, all Beaufort County offices and buildings will be closed Friday December 23rd through Tuesday December 27th and again on Monday, January 2, 2023 because New Year's Day just so happens to fall on a Sunday this time. 

Happy holidays to everyone, and we hope to see you soon!


08 December 2022

Mrs. Potter's Memorial Monument

As the calendar neared the end of October and because Olivia was doing well getting up to speed and could now sit comfortably with our researchers while I stayed in the bowels of the BDC doing other tasks, I decided to work a bit on the Finding Aids backlog one afternoon in October while we were still officially in Archives Month.

Both Amanda Forbes and Samantha Perkins had done fine jobs with helping me get intellectual control over the archival material here in the Research Room during their respective tenures as my Library Assistants IV but I had only been able to finalize a few of their Finding Aids for the BDC's Links, Lists and Finding Aids blog over the past 4-5 years. That fact has weighed heavily on my heart and my mind as I get ever closer to retirement.

I wanted to change that situation at least a little bit during Archives Month 2022.

I thought that I would start small for quick results. Thus, I chose to begin with a Finding Aid for one archival item: an ink drawing on paper of one of the monuments at the Beaufort National Cemetery.

You can enlarge the illustration to follow along with me and test my transcriptions. Note: The "white hole" in the upper right was actually caused by my cellphone's flash reflecting on the encapsulation plastic. I assure you that the sketch is completely intact. 

At the far bottom left are three lines of handwritten text that I cannot read. If you can figure it out, please email what you think it says to me: gracec@bcgov.net. Neither Olivia nor I can translate the script into something intelligible. I hope that it may indicate the artist's identity. 

The text in the enclosed area on the left of the drawing reads: "On the reverse side a tablet containing the names of 176 soldiers who died at the hospital at the "Racecourse" near Charleston, S.C." 

In the center is a sketch of the monument inscribed "Immortality to Hundreds of Defenders of American Liberty Against the Great Rebellion." 

To the right are these words: "Monument to be erected at the National Cemetery at Beaufort, S.C. under the supervision of Mrs. L. T. Potter of Charleston, S.C. to the memory of the soldiers, who died at the "Racecourse" near Charleston, S.C., and are now removed to Beaufort, S.C. May 2nd, 1868." 

Analyzing the document, I can see that the Union men were re-interred on 2 May 1868 but that the monument was not installed at that point in time as it was "to be erected." According to the Beaufort National Cemetery website under the "Historical Information" section that monument "was erected during the 1880s." Thus my search window for the monument's installation was 1868 to 1890. I also had three potential lines of inquiry to investigate just from the textual notes on the sketch: the history of the Cemetery; What was the life story of  Mrs. L.T. Potter and why was she going to all this expense and trouble for the dead Union soldiers?; and the history of the Civil War prison camp at the Charleston Racecourse from which the soldiers' bodies were brought to Beaufort. Researching for more information about these topics would enhance the Historical Note for the Finding Aid for this particular item from the BDC's archives. 

I did a little Google searching about Mrs. Potter and the prisoner camp in Charleston at the Racecourse to get some context. Most of what I discovered in that pursuit now resides in the BDC vertical files. 

By using the Library's Ancestry Library Edition database, I uncovered a few key biographical facts about Mrs. L.T. Potter: Mrs. Potter's first name was Eliza; she was an immigrant to the United States; she married Lorenzo T. Potter, a man 13 years her senior in Richmond County, Georgia in 1856; They were living in Charleston, SC by 1860 and appeared to have owned 8 slaves; she gave birth to 10 children, though only 3 were still alive in 1900; her husband died in 1872; and she died in 1907 in Boston, MA at the ripe old age of 79.   

I decided to do some newspaper research in hopes of discovering appeals for donations; requests for monument design proposals; notices of fundraising success, etc. Although the Research Room has some local 19th Century newspapers on microfilm, we have no indexes to them. Therefore, I tend to use the digitized issues of the following local newspapers on the Chronicling America newspaper website instead: 

19th Century Newspapers in the BDC Research Room on Microfilm:

Palmetto Herald (March 17, 1864 -December 29, 1864)                https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84-27012

Free South (January 17, 1863 - November 19, 1864) https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026962/

New South (March 15, 1861 - September 29, 1866) https://historicnewspapers.sc.edu/lccn/sn83025760/

Port Royal Standard and Commercial (1874-1876) http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85026954/

Beaufort Republican and Sea Island Chronicle (1869 - 1871) http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn92061879/  

Beaufort Republican (October 12, 1871 - October 16, 1873) http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026857/

Port Royal Commercial and Beaufort County Republican (October 23, 1873 – April 30, 1874)   http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn92065401/

 Beaufort Tribune (1874-1876) is online only                     http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042623/

Alas, nothing came up in these newspapers about Mrs. Potter or her monument at the National Cemetery. 

Then I tried using my personal South Carolina State Library (SCSL) card to access the historical South Carolina newspapers available through the SCSL's subscription to the NewsBank database. I checked the back files of the Charleston Courier, 1803-1872 and the Charleston News and Courier, 1873- 1991 concentrating on the period between 1865 and 1890 to cover the years between the fall of South Carolina as a Confederate entity and the entire 1880s timeframe for the installation of the monument.

I had to wade through several hundred hits across the three topics to learn only a few facts. For example, I  learned that General John P. Hatch, 1822 - 1901 agreed to support "a monument to the Martyrs of the Race Course" in the April 3, 1865 issue of the Charleston Courier but there was no additional information in the Charleston Courier about fundraising efforts. I also learned that there was a merchant sailing vessel named the Eliza Potter that was owned by L.T. Potter plied the east coast after the Civil War years. There were a lot of shipping news notices to review. However, I was sorely disappointed to find nothing more about the fund raising for the monument or the removal of the Union soldiers' bodies to the Beaufort National Cemetery in the surviving issues of the Charleston Courier or the Charleston News and Courier.    

Obviously, I needed to cast a larger net. I hoped that recent additions to the Chronicling America newspaper database for the period 1865 - 1890 might mention activities in Charleston and Beaufort, South Carolina. 

I hit pay dirt with an article about "A National Cemetery" from the Charleston Daily News on August 25, 1869. The heading has a tone of disapproval: "A National Cemetery. Confederates and Negro Children Buried and Paid for as Federal Soldiers. How the Yankee Speculates in the Bones of the Dead -- Mrs. Potter's $5000 Monument -- What It Cost".  The article continues and the bulk of the description provided is attributed to James R. Randall, the editor of the Augusta Constitutionalist newspaper in Georgia "who has just returned from a summer excursion to Port Royal Island."  Randall takes a tour of the National Cemetery, sees the monument, and hears a bit about how much it cost from his unnamed guide - who tells Randall that he installed the monument. 

The final three paragraphs of this article is attributed to an unnamed New York Tribune reporter who had also visited the Beaufort National Cemetery, saw the monument and the marble tablet listing out the Union soldiers who had died during their incarcerations at the Confederate Prisoner of War camp at the Washington Racecourse. He wrote that Rev. Henry Ward Beecher's church contributed $1800 to the project. "The monument was intended for Charleston, but government requested that it should be placed in the National Cemetery at Beaufort." 

Alas, there is so specific date of installation of the monument nor tablet. But based on the re-interment date on the sketch and the Charleston Daily News article, I conclude that Mrs. Potter's Memorial Monument was erected at some point between May 3, 1868 and August 25, 1869, a window of 15 months rather than the 120 months (the decade of the 1880s) that we had before I began the research. 

Beaufort National Cemetery is located in Beaufort, South Carolina at 1601 Boundary Street and is open daily for self-guided tours. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

For more information about Eliza Potter (Mrs. L.T. Potter), I recommend: 

Remembering the Civil War Fallen at Beaufort, S.C. : Eliza Potter's Story: A Lesson Plan for Middle School Students, National Cemetery Administration, Veterans Legacy Program, no date.     

Mrs. Eliza Potter,” The Grand Army of the Republic Almanac for 1879. 64-72. Web. 

"Mrs. Eliza Potter" in Heroines of the Rebellion: Or, Woman's Work in the Civil War; A record of heroism, patriotism and patience by L. P. Brockett ... and Mrs. Mary C. Vaughan. With an introduction by Henry W. Bellows (Philadelphia: Hubbard Brothers, 1888), pp. 93-110. 

Though she put in a claim for $40,000 for medical services and supplies rendered to the Union prisoners under her care during the Civil War, she ultimately received half that amount from the Federal government in 1876. 

 For more information about the Racecourse prison camp, I recommend: 

"Memorial Day Uncovered: Charleston's 'Martyrs of the Racecourse'" by Amanda Kerr, 29 May 2017 The College Today blog post, College of Charleston website. 

"79. Washington Race Track 1792-1900," Alfred O. Halsey Map, 1949 by the Preservation Society of Charleston (SC). 

"Martyrs of the Race-Course : Union Prisoners' Cemetery at Charleston, S.C." digital image from Harper's Weekly (May 18, 1867) on the New York Public Library that confirms the bodies are still in Charleston in 1867. 

You can read the entire May 18, 1867 Harper's Weekly issue on the Internet Archive website. A short paragraph about the prison camp will be found on page 318 of the issue.

Note: "A National Cemetery" Charleston Daily News (Charleston, SC), 1865-1873, August 25, 1869, image 1 is on the Chronicling America website, 

Update: 16 November 2022 - While searching computer files for something entirely unrelated, I came across an intriguing office file folder heading, Archives Donor Relations. Within that was information about this particular monument. I discovered that Former Library Director Julie Zachowski reported to the Veterans Service Organizations Meeting of March 27, 1996 that the item would be on display at the Beaufort County Library and that she hoped to be able to purchase the drawing for $375.00 in donations. There's a handwritten note in Zachowski's hand that are potential clues to expand the Finding Aid. 

The plot thickens.

01 December 2022

The BDC's November 2022 Posts on Facebook

November 1: Overview of November 2022 in the BDC: November is Native American Heritage Month so expect to see that theme in Materials Mondays and/or Black History Note Wednesdays posts.

I hope to see you during my volunteer time at the Annual Friends of the Beaufort Library book sale. Help them help the BDC - and other parts of the library system based North of the Broad River.

November has 3 holidays. The Library system will be closed Friday, November 11th for Veterans Day and Thursday, November 24th and 25th for Thanksgiving Day and Heritage Day.
Registration for the next local history program opens November 22nd; program date for "John Barnwell and His Fight to Save the American Colonies" with John Warley is December 6th.


Black History Note Wednesdays

November 2: "Black History Note Wednesday:" At first glance The Yamasee War: A Study of Culture, Economy, and Conflict in the Colonial South by William Ramsay (2008) may not be a good choice for this topical series. However the book reveals the shift in white racial ideology that responded to wartime concerns, including anxieties about a "black majority" in the state. The shift that occurred throughout the American colonies that the word "slave" meant "Black" was absolutely critical to the course of the Palmetto State's history thereafter. The BDC has a permanent copy and the SCLENDS has other copies of this title that one can borrow.

November 9: "Black History Note Wednesday:" The Bluffton News Letter of March 24, 1932 carried these two notices about services at the Black churches in town:
"There will be an Easter program rendered by the St. John Baptist's Colored Church on Sunday at 4:00 o'clock. Our white friends are respectfully invited to attend, and all efforts are being made to provide suitable entertainment: L. Graham, Supt., H. Gadsen, Assistant Supt. [and] There will be a Resurrection Service at Campbell A.M.E. Church Sunday morning at 5:00 o'clock and an Easter program Sunday evening at 6:00 o'clock. Our white friends are cordially invited: Rev. J. M. Glenn."
November 16: "Black History Note:" In Three Peoples, One King: Loyalists, Indians, and Slaves in the Revolutionary South, 1775-1782 author Jim Piecuch (2008) explores how the British cause during the American Revolution benefited from the support of Loyalists, their Indian allies and the enslaved. These groups would pay a heavy price for their support of the King and his government. 
Though the BDC Research Room has the only copy of this title within the Beaufort County Library system,
there are plenty of copies that circulate through the SCLENDS consortium to our library cardholders. We - or any BCL staff member - can talk you through over the telephone how to place a "Hold" through the SCLENDS catalog - provided of course, that you have a valid library card with us.

November 23: "Black History Note:" South Carolina’s Blacks and Native Americans, 1776 - 1976 by Marianna W. Davis and the Bicentennial Project Editorial Board (1976) was an overview of the contributions made by African Americans and Native peoples upon the state's political, religious, educational, artistic, occupational, sports and community history to honor of the nation's 200th birthday. Raymond H. Williams of Beaufort was on the State Human Affairs Commission led by James E. Clyburn at the time the book was published. You can check out a copy from one of our partners in the SCLENDS consortium or you can set up an appointment to visit the Research Room to read this book: 843-255-6468 or bdc@bcgov.net.

November 30: "Black History Note Wednesday:" Not enough available and affordable housing is an enduring issue here. This notice from the December 1, 1864 issue of the Palmetto Herald addresses that challenge during the Federal occupation during the Civil War.

Materials Monday Posts

November 7: "Materials Monday: 50 Shades of Beige" in Native American Heritage Month: The Yamasee Indians : From Florida to South Carolina edited by Denise I. Bossy, 2018 is an anthology of the latest academic research about a local Native American group that once resided in Beaufort District. Archaeologists of South Carolina and Florida and historians of the Native South, Spanish Florida, and British Carolina address elusive questions about Yamasee identity, political and social networks, and the fate of the group. There's a permanent copy of this title in the BDC and some copies that you can borrow through our branch libraries.

November 14: "Materials Monday : 50 Shades of Beige" in Native American Heritage Month: A Colonial Complex: South Carolina’s Frontiers in the Era of the Yamasee War 1680-1730 by Steven J. Oatis, 2004 explains the Yamasee War and other Native American/European conflicts through frontier expansion efforts. JSYK: Oatis shows how Native Americans fought to hold onto their lands and culture - and came quite close to defeating the European settlers.

November 21: "Materials Monday: 50 Shades of Beige" in Native American Heritage Month. This is perhaps my favorite archaeology poster in the Research Room. (I do so love images of vintage maps.) It's from SCIAA's Archaeology Month 2015, the tricentennial year of the uprising. The verso contains - in very small print - boocoodles of military history about the conflict. The image and verso text can be accessed online through the Scholar Commons at the University of South Carolina.

November 28: "Materials Monday: 50 Shades of Beige" in Native American Heritage Month - The Tuscarora War : Indians, Settlers, and the Fight for the Carolina Colonies by David La Vere has a chapter about one of the war's key players "Col. John Barnwell : the opportunist". We know him because of his key role in the founding of Beaufort and by his nickname "Tuscarora Jack."
I do so hope that you have signed up for a seat at our next BHM/BCL local history program! Topic you might ask? Why "Tuscarora Jack Barnwell and His Fight to Save the American Colonies" with his descendant John Warley, of course.

Other Native American History related posts:

November 9: One of the most common statements we hear in the Research Room from beginning family historians is "My [great or some version thereof] grandmother was a Cherokee." But how does one find documents to support that statement? Ancestry Library Edition offers a guide to "Researching Your American Indian Ancestors".

November 12: For a little "Native American Heritage Month" reading, check out Olivia's choices for the BDC's display case.

November 18: Fact: Criteria for membership in a Native American tribal nation is determined by the tribal nation. DNA evidence may or may not affect one's chances for being added to a tribe's rolls. For example, DNA results showing Native American heritage are not accepted as evidence for applications for membership in the largest Native American tribe, the Cherokee Nation. Listen to the NPR interview that Steve Inskeep had with the Cherokee Nation's Secretary of State, Chuck Hoskin or read the full transcript for more details.
This & That:

November 3: Help the Beaufort Friends of the Library help us by spending a few of your hard earned $s at their Book Sale. [The Friends earned approximately $19,000!]

November 4: Mary Ann Browning Ford's bench "Waterfront Park - Then and Now" honors the revitalization of the city that ensued from then Mayor Chambers' vision for a modern park to replace the dilapidated wharves that once lined the water side of Bay Street. Learn about the challenges of realizing the vision. Watch the recording made by Jeff Kidd (BHM) of the BHM/BCL 2.1 session "Reflections on the Henry C. Chambers Waterfront Park" (2017) of our joint local history series on the Beaufort History Museum's YouTube Channel.

November 7:
"Red Letter Local History Day:" The Battle of Port Royal Sound, November 7, 1861

November 13: The Diversify Your Reading Challenge focuses on Non-Fiction materials - and the BDC has a lot! Read more in Connections.

November 14: This is exciting news - particularly in light of the fact that the 250th Anniversary will be here sooner than we expect. I'd bet that the Battle of Camden would be a great topic for the 250th Anniversary program committee to consider for a potential lecture.

November 17: Thanksgiving became a US holiday during the Civil War by proclamation of President Abraham Lincoln. Here's a notice from the Palmetto Herald published for the Union troops during the Federal occupation. Note: All "innocent amusements" were encouraged after prayers at church services and feasting. I guess that meant no drinking and no gambling and no cavorting with women. The notice appeared in the newspaper's 17 November 1864 issue. [Image on right]

November 21: The National Archives (USA) launched its new catalog today. The most useful feature that I see as a reference librarian and as a sometime customer of particular record series there is the yellow box at the top of each hit entry that tells you straight off if the collection is digitized, partly digitized, or as yet to be digitized.

November 22: Registration for John Warley's talk about his very important to - Beaufort District and South Carolina - history ancestor opens today! The registration portal address is: https://beauforthistorymuseum.wildapricot.org/event-4884890. As per usual, when we reach room capacity, registration will close. Hope to see you at the St. Helena Branch Library in 2 weeks for what is certain to be an informative lecture by one of the BDC's good friends.

November 29: To whet your appetite to learn more about John Barnwell at our upcoming BHM/BCL Local History program series, take a look at some of the letters he wrote about his military campaign against the Tuscarora Indians. We have a hardcopy of the 1908 South Carolina Historical and Genealogy Magazine in our Research Room but this article has been digitized and is free to access on JSTOR. If there are any seats left [for the program], you can claim one.

Schedule Announcements were made about Veterans Day, the impending Tropical Storm Nicole and the upcoming Thanksgiving and Christmas related holidays throughout the month of November.